使用对象的形式，传给headers 就可以了。

:headers="{Authorization: ''}"

<el-upload
                action=""
                list-type="picture-card"
                :headers="{Authorization: ''}"
                name="photo"
                :on-preview="handlePictureCardPreview"
                :on-remove="handleRemove">
              <i class="el-icon-plus"></i>
            </el-upload>